Common name |
Binomial nomenclature |
Characteristics, Usage and Status |
Aini or Aangili |
Artocarpus hirsutus |
Elastic, close-grained, and strong. It takes polish. It can be used underwater. It is used for ordinary building construction, structural work, paving, furniture and so forth. |
Arjun |
Terminalia arjuna Terminalia elliptica |
It is heavy and strong. It has such uses as beams, rafters, and posts. |
Axlewood |
Anogeissus latifolia |
It is very strong, hard and tough. It takes a smooth finish. It is subject to cracking. |
Babul |
Acacia nilotica |
It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up a good polish. It is used for such products as bodies and wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments, tool handles, and well curbs. |
Bakul |
Mimusops elengi Mimusops parvifolia |
It is close-grained and tough. It is used for making cabinets. |
Bamboo |
Family Poaceae, tribe Bambuseae |
Not actually a tree, but a woody grass, it is flexible, very strong and durable. It is used for scaffoldings, thatched roofs, rafters, temporary bridges, and so forth. |
Banyan |
Ficus benghalensis |
It is strong and durable only under water. The aerial roots are utilized for such items as tent poles and well curbs. |
Benteak |
Lagerstoemia parviflora |
It is strong and takes up a smooth surface. It may be used for building constructions,boat building and furniture. |
Bijasal |
Pterocarpus marsupium |
It is coarse-grained, durable and strong but difficult to work. Termites (also known as white ant) do not easily attack it. It is used for ordinary building construction and for cart wheels. Vulnerable. |
Casuarina |
Casuarinaspp. |
It grows straight. It is strong and fibrous. It is, however, badly twisted. It is often used for scaffolding and posts for temporary structures. |
Coconut |
Cocos nucifera |
Takes polish. Requires preservative treatment. Used as poles, piles, furniture and as formwork in concrete construction. |
Deodar |
Cedrus deodara |
Deodar is the most important timber tree providing soft wood. It can be easily worked and it is moderately strong. It possesses distinct annual rings. It is used for making cheap furniture, railway carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural work and so forth. |
Gambar |
Gmelina arborea |
It can be easily worked and is strong and durable especially when used under water. It is used for such products as furniture, carriage, well curbs, yokes, and door panels. |
Hopea |
Hopea parviflora |
Hopea is extremely strong and tough. It is difficult to work. However, it can be seasoned easily and it is durable and not likely to be damaged by white ants. It has been variously used for ordinary house construction, railway sleepers, piles, and boat building. Endangered. |
Himalayan Elm, Indian Elm |
Ulmus wallichiana |
It is moderately hard and strong. It is used for door and window frames, carts, and so forth. |
Ironwood, Penaga Lilin, Bosneak, Gangaw, Mesua |
Mesua ferrea |
Ironwood is durable though it is very hard and is not easily worked. It even resists penetration of nails. It is used for ordinary house construction, bridges, piles, agricultural instruments, railway wagons, and railway sleepers. |
Irul, Pyinkado |
Xylia xylocarpa |
It is very hard, heavy and durable. Difficult to work, it also requires slow and careful seasoning. It is used for railway sleepers, agricultural instruments, paving blocks, and heavy construction. Least concern. |
Jack |
Mangifera caesia. |
It is compact and even grained. It is moderately strong and easy to work. It takes a good finish and maintains its shape well. It has many uses including plain furniture, boat construction, well curbs, door panels, cabinet making and musical instruments. |
Jarul |
Lagerstroemiaflos-reginae |
Hard and durable, it can be easily worked. It takes a good finish and is used for house construction, boat building, railway carriages, cart making and scaffolding. |
Kathal, Keledang,Jackfruit |
Artocarpus heterophyllus |
It is heavy and hard. It is durable under water and in damp conditions, however, it cracks if exposed to direct sun. White ants do not attack it. It is used for piles, platforms of wooden bridges, door and window panels. |
Lauraceae, Saj |
Lauraceae |
It is strong, hard and tough. It is subject to cracking and attack by dry rot. White ants do not attack it. It takes a smooth finish. It is used for such purposes as house construction, boat construction, railway sleepers and structural work. |
Mahogany |
Swieteniaspp. |
It takes a good polish and is easily worked. It is durable under water. It is most commonly used for furniture, pattern making and cabinet work. |
Mango |
Mangiferaspp |
The mango tree is well known for its fruits. It is easy to work and it maintains its shape well. It is moderately strong. It is most often used for cheap furniture, toys, packing boxes, cabinet work, panels for doors and for windows. |
Mulberry |
Morusspp. |
It is strong, tough and elastic. It takes up a clean finish. It can be well seasoned. It is turned and carved easily. Mulberry is typically used for baskets and sports goods like hockey sticks, tennis rackets and cricket bats. |
Oak |
Quercusspp. |
Oak is strong and durable, with straight silvery grain. It is used for preparing sporting goods. |
Palm |
Arecaceae |
It contains ripe wood in the outer crust. The colour of this ripened wood is dark brown. It is strong, durable and fibrous. Palm is used for furniture, roof covering, rafters and joists. |
Pine |
Pinusspp. |
Pine wood is hard and tough except white pine which is soft. It decays easily if it comes into contact with soil. It is heavy and coarse grained. It is used for pattern making, frames for doors and windows, and for paving material. White pine is light and straight grained and is used in the manufacture of matches. |
Red cedar |
It is soft and even grained. It is used for furniture, door panels and well curbs. |
|
Rosewood |
Dalbergia latifolia |
It is strong, tough and close-grained. It is a handsome wood that takes up a high polish. It maintains its shape well and is available in large sizes. It is used for furniture of superior quality, cabinet work, ornamental carvings and so forth.Vulnerable. |
Sal |
Shorea robusta |
It is hard, fibrous and close-grained. It does not take up a good polish. It requires slow and careful seasoning. It is durable underground and water. It is used for railway sleepers, shipbuilding, and bridges. |
Sandalwood |
Santalumspp. |
It has a pleasant smell. It is commonly used for agricultural instruments, well curbs, wheels, and mallets. Vulnerable. |
Satinwood |
Chloroxylon swietenia |
It is very hard and durable. It is close grained. It is used for furniture and other ornamental works. Vulnerable. |
Simul |
Bombaxspp. |
It is a loose grained, inferior quality wood. Light in weight, it is used for packing cases, the match industry, well curbs, and for cheap furniture. |
Siris |
Albiziaspp. |
Hard and durable, Siris wood is difficult to work. It is used for well curbs in salty water, beams, posts, and furniture. |
Sissoo |
Dalbergia sissoo |
Also known as shisham or tali, this wood is strong and tough. It is durable and handsome and it maintains its shape well. It can be easily seasoned. It is difficult to work but it takes a fine polish. It is used for high quality furniture, plywoods, bridge piles, sport goods, railway sleepers and so forth. It is a very good material for decorative works and carvings. |
Spruce |
Piceaspp. |
Spruce wood resists decay and is not affected by the attack of marine borers. It is however liable to shrink, twist and warp. It is used for piles under water and (formerly) for aeroplane construction. |
Sundri |
Heritiera fomes |
It is hard and tough. It is difficult to season and work. It is elastic and close grained. It is strong and durable. These qualities make it suited for such uses as boat building, piles, poles, tool handles, and carriage shafts. |
Tamarind |
Tamarindus indica |
Tamarind is knotty and durable. It is a beautiful tree for avenue and gardens. Its development is very slow but it ultimately forms a massive appearance. Its fruit is also very useful. It is used for agricultural instruments, well curbs, sugar mills, carts and brick burning. |
Teak |
Tectona grandis |
Moderately hard, teak is durable and fire-resistant. It can be easily seasoned and worked. It takes up a good polish and is not attacked by white ants and dry rot. It does not corrode iron fastenings and it shrinks little. It is among the most valuable timber trees of the world and its use is limited to superior work only. |
Toon, Red Cedar |
Toona ciliata |
It can be easily worked. It is light in weight. It is used for such products as furniture, packing boxes, cabinet making and door panels. |
Indian timber trees
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